Rabu, 29 Februari 2012

my final ENGLIH JOB ..

GENERAL ENGLISH

PASSIVE VOICE

N
BY :
NAME : ADE FITRI
NIM : 70300111001
KEPERAWATAN A₁

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS ALAUDDIN SAMATA
2012/2013

A. INTRODUCING

The passive construction in English occurs in as many as 5% to 10% of the sentences, but it is frequently avoided by teachers, not so much because it is a difficult construction to learn or to teach, but more because it is a difficult construction to “explain”. That really passive i only necessary to show how to form it and when to use it. Illustrating how and when it used can be done easily, even with lower intermediate.

The lesson on introducing and practicing the passive is in two segment. Although both segments, simultaneously ilustrate how it is formed and when it is used, the first segment is in the present progressive, while the second segment is in the past tense.

Picture is scene which features a dog, a policemen, a mugger, and a little old lady. The only now word that we need to be taught is probably the word mugger. We are going to present scene in the picture to students, adding one character at a time. In your head, pick out four small,moveable objects to present each of the four characters. Alternately, draw a similar stick. Figure on the broad, again adding one character at a time.

The last step is to switch back and forth between the two sets of questions, producing active or passive answer depending upon the view point set up by the questions.

B. DISCUSSION

Only active voice verbs have been discussed until the present lesson. The passive form is used more frequently in writing then in conversation. However, it should be used sprangly and only when its use accomplishes a spesific purpose.

A verb in the passive voice expreses an action done to its subject, and a verb in the active voice expresses an action done by its subject.

The passive voice is composed of some form of the verb form of the verb.

For example :

The new world was discovered centuries ago.

The battle has been lost.

The passive voice emphasizes the person or thing receiving the action. It may used when the speaker does not know or does not wish to say who performed the action.

subject

Passive voice: a window was broken by someone last night.

Subject object

Active voice : someone broke a window last night.

In general, we should avoid using the passive voice because it makes our waiting sound weak and awkward.

Using the active voice helps make your writing direct and forceful. For example :

This house was built in 1930.

Was built is passive. Compare

active and passive :

Subject object

Somebody built this house in 1930. (active)

subject

This house was built in 1930. (passive)

We use an active verb to say what the subject does :

My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930.

It’s a big company. It employs two hundred people.

We use a passive verb to say what happens to the subject :

This house is quit old. It was built in 1930.

Two hundred people are employed by the company.

When we use the passive voice, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant:

A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don’t know who).

If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by :

This house was built by grandmother.

Two hundred people are employed by the company.

The passive is be (is/was/have been, etc) + the past participle (done/cleaned/seen, etc) :

The active and passive forms of the simple present and simple past :

Simple present

Active : clean(s)/ see(s), etc. => sombody cleans this room everyday

Passive : am/is/are + cleaned/seen,etc => is cleaned everyday.

Many accidents are caused by careless driving.

I’m not often invited to parties.

How is this world pronounced ?

Simple past

Active : cleaned/saw, etc => somebody cleaned this room yesterday.

Passive : was/were + cleaned/seen, etc. => this room was cleaned yesterday.

We were woken up by loud noise during the night.

“did you go to the party ?” “no, I wasn’t invited”.

How much money was stolen ?

After, will/can/must/going to/want to, etc.

Active : do/clean/see, etc. => somebody will clean the room later.

Passive : be done/cleaned/seen, etc. => the room will be cleaned later.

The situation is serious, something must be done before its too late.

A mystery is something that can be explained.

The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way.

A new supermarket is going to be built next year.

Plese go away. I want to be left alone.

After, should have/might have/would have/see to have, etc.

Passive : done/cleaned/seen, etc. => somebody should have cleaned the room.

Active : been done/cleaned/seen, etc. => the room should have been cleaned.

I haven’t recieved the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong adress.

If you hadn’t left the car unlocked. It wouldn’t have been stolen.

There were some at first, buy they seem to have been solved.

present perfect

active : has/have done => the room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it.

Passive : has/have been done. => the room looks nice. It has been cleaned.

Have you ever been bitten by a dog ?

“Are you going to the party ?” “no, I haven’t been invited”.

Past perfect

Active : had done. => the room looked nice. Somebody cleaned it.

Passive : had been done. => the room looked nice. It had been cleaned.

The korean song had been sung.

The korean drama had been watched.

The korean actor had been taken a picture

Thr vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked too long.

The car was there years old but hadn’t been used very much.

Present continous

Active : am/is/are doing. => somebody is singing the Korean song.

Passive : am/is/are being done. => The Korean song is being sung.

There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed.

“can I help you ?” “No, thanks. I’m being helped.”

Somebody is watching the Korean drama right now. => somebody is being watched right now. <= that is false . the sentence true of that is => The Korean drama is being watched right now .

English language is being learned.

For make us more easy/easier, we can use pattens of passive voice :

1. Simple present

Active : s + V₁

Passive : s + to be + V₃

2. Present continous tense

Active : s + to be + V_ing

Passive : s + to be + being + V₃

3. Present perfect

Active : s + has/have + V₃

Passive : s + has/have + been + V₃

4. Present perfect continous

Active : s + has/have + been + V_ing

Passive : s + has/have + been + being + V₃

5. Simple past

Active : s + V_{2 +}O

Passive : s + was/were + V₃

6. Past continous

Active : s + was/were + V_ing

Passive : s + was/were + being + V₃

7. Past perfect

Active : s + had + V₃

Passive : S + had + been + V₃

8. Past perfect continous

Active : s + had + been + V_ing

Passive : s + had + been + being + V₃

9. Simple future

Active : s + will + V₁

Passive : s + will + be + V₃

10. Future continous

Active : s + will + be + V_ing

Passive : s + will + be + being + V₃

11. Future perfect

Active : s + will + have + V₃

Passive : s + will + have + been + V₃

12. Future perfect continous

Active : s + will + have + been + V₃

Passive : s + will + have + been + being + V₃

C. CONCLUTION

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not know , however, who pr what is performing the action.

A verb in the passiv voice expresses an action done to its subject. The passive voice emphasizes the person or thing recieving the action. Or it may be used when the speaker does not know or does not wish to say who performed the action.

The passive voice is used more frequently in writing than in conversation. However, it should be used sprangly and only when its use accomplishes a spesific purpose.

The passive form is composed of some form of the verb be + the apropriate auxiliary, if any + the past participle form of the verb.

Passive voice sentences are transformations of the basic sentence pattens.

The passive voice gives an objective and impersonal touch to writing.it may soften statements that might seem harsh or even accusing in the active voice.

Generally, the passive voice is used when its not important to know the deer, or when the does is not know.

D. REFERENCE

Wiston, Burks, 1980. Let’s write English : Revised edition, copyright by titton Educational Punishing.

Murphy, Smalzer, 1989. Grammar in use intermediate, cambridge University Press.

Hat, Renihart & Winston, 1987. English Workshop, HRW material copyright under nitice appearing earlier in this work.

www.cambridge.org

http://www.cambridge.org

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